A review on the development, mechanism and the applications of the tidal flow constructed wetland systems

Abstract

Wetlands are an assortment of water bodies that give an environment to aquatic and terrestrial species and act as a distinct ecosystem flooded by water, where this water cover may occur seasonally or permanently. These may vary depending on various reasons, such as; the differences in the soils, topography, climate, hydrology, water chemistry, vegetation, etc. Constructed wetlands are being constructed by humans for the purpose of wastewater treatment specifically. These can be classified based on various parameters including the characteristics of the wastewater components and the wetland system itself, where they differ in their performance as well. The treatment wetland system technology has been developed so far, in terms of treatment efficiency, various types of contaminant removal capability, and the usage of land. Hybrid technologies have been developed to enhance these performance terms. The current study focus on the development, mechanism, and applications of the tidal flow constructed wetland systems, which possess a rhythmic cycle of filling and draining and enhanced treatment performance. The findings of the studies done with regard to various constructed wetland systems could be integrated to further enhance the treatment efficiency of the tidal flow constructed wetland system, having critically considered the role of oxygen in the treatment mechanism