Mitigation techniques for agricultural pollution by precision technologies with a focus on the Internet of Things (IoTs): a review

Abstract

The widespread of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in the past decades brought numerous advantages to many individuals and most of the organizations everywhere in the world. In the 21st century, the most significant technology is the Internet of Things (IoTs) which has developed rapidly covering most of applications in the health, civil, military and agriculture sectors also. Precision Agriculture (PA), as the combination of information, communication and control technologies in agronomic practices, is emerging time by time. Also, precision agriculture is considered a smart farming system on the basis of modern technologies to regulate, examine and manage changes inside an agricultural field for cost-effectiveness, sustainability and optimal protection of environment. Meanwhile, agricultural practices are contributing to environmental pollution due to poor management which is further disturbing food security, health and climate. One of the best strategies to overcome this challenge can be introducing the deployment of precision technologies for the development of agricultural productivity while reducing the environmental degradation. Therefore, the key objective of this review was to discuss the mitigation techniques for agricultural pollution and enhance the agricultural production by smart technologies like IoTs. This paper summarizes the main categories of IoTs, Precision Agriculture, agricultural pollution and finally, mitigation practices on environmental degradation.