Critical analysis on the use of computational tools for the genomic analysis of oral Carcinoma

Abstract

Betel quid chewing, being the main cause of oral cancer in Sri Lanka, has been driving its mortality rate rapidly over the years. The low five-year survival rate has been witnessed since oral cancer is typically detected in advanced stages. With the advancement of medicine and technology, the issues must have been addressed to date, but have not. Thus, there is a paramount need to revise the therapeutic strategies of oral squamous cell carcinoma in order to identify the cancer in its early stages and also to identify the molecular sub-classes so as a mean to individualize the treatment. This research paper mainly reports on several methods and tools that have been used to analyze the gene expression dataset of oral carcinoma in order to identify the differentially expressed genes. Further, several other clustering methods that are used to extract molecular sub-types has also been discussed. An array of literature has been critically reviewed to find the current insights on methods used for the computational genomic analysis in order to identify the potential gap in cancer diagnosis, prognosis or drug response as to support oral cancer mitigation through the identification of molecular sub-types and the stage-specific genes of Oral Cancer with the support of computational biology and bioinformatics.